Muscle cramps

Very low urgency

Feelings of 'spasms', pins and needles or small muscle twitches that happen suddenly and uncontrollably, usually painful.

Associated diseases

Hypokalaemia due to renal loss: diuretics, corticosteroids, penicillin and intravenous synthetic derivatives.

Hypokalaemia due to renal losses: renal tubular acidosis, types 1, 2 and 4

Isovolemic hypoosmolar hyponatraemia - Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion - SIADH

Hypervolemic hypoosmolar hyponatraemia - High ECFV due to renal causes

Hypervolemic hypoosmolar hyponatraemia - High ECFV due to extrarenal causes

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