Disease characterised by high levels of glucose in the blood. The resistance of the cells to insulin and/or the lack of insulin means that the glucose circulating in the blood cannot be taken up and used by the body's cells. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of all diabetes.
It becomes more common with age and is associated with factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, a sedentary lifestyle and a family history of diabetes.
In the early stages, there are no symptoms until the lack of glucose in the cells and its accumulation in the blood causes hunger and thirst, with increased fluid intake and, consequently, an increase in urine. Other associated symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, irritability and blurred vision.
The diagnosis is usually an analytical finding until the onset of symptoms. It is confirmed by a blood glucose level of more than 200 mg/dl, or more than 126 mg/dl in the fasting state.
Treatment is based on lifestyle changes such as weight loss, dietary control and regular exercise. If high blood glucose levels persist, treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs ± insulin is started.
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