An infection of the layers that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges.
Bacterial meningitis is more common in the first month of life than at any other time. The most common causes are Streptococcus agalactiae and E. coli.
In newborns, the most common symptom is temperature instability, ranging from fever to hypothermia. Neurological symptoms include irritability, lethargy, tremors, seizures, and bulging of the fontanelle.
Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination. Additional tests such as laboratory analysis, lumbar puncture, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging may be required.
Treatment is based on supportive care and the administration of antibiotics, which should be started as soon as possible. Management typically occurs in the intensive care unit. A repeat lumbar puncture is recommended after 1 or 2 days of antibiotic treatment, and imaging studies (such as magnetic resonance imaging) are performed to rule out complications.
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